Metal-silicate mixing by large Earth-forming impacts
نویسندگان
چکیده
Geochemical and isotopic observations constrain the timing, temperature pressure of Earth's formation. However, to fully interpret these observations, we must know degree mixing equilibration between metal silicates following collisions that formed Earth. Recent fluid dynamical experiments provide initial estimates this mixing, but they entirely neglect inertia planet-building impactors. Here use laboratory on impact a dense liquid volume into lighter pool establish scaling laws for as function impactor speed, size, density local gravity. Our reproduce cratering process observed in simulations. They also produce turbulence down small scales, approaching regime planetary impacts. In each experiment, observe an early impact-dominated stage, which includes formation crater, its collapse upward jet, jet. At later times, downward propagation buoyant thermal. We quantify contribution from both subsequent thermal stage. experimental results, together with our theoretical calculations, indicate jet produces much impact-induced mixing. find ratio buoyancy controls Applied formation, predict full chemical impactors less than 100 km diameter, only partial Moon-forming giant With new scalings account inertia, mass transfer is up twenty times larger previous estimates. This reduces accretion timescale, deduced data, by factor ten pressure, siderophile elements, two.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1385-013X', '0012-821X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116888